Electric Field – Definition, Formula, Diagram & Real-Life Applications for Students
Electric Field :
An electric field is a region around a charged object where other electric charges feel a force. It is an invisible force field that can either attract or repel other charges.
📘 Definition of Electric Field
Electric Field is defined as:
“The force per unit positive charge experienced by a small test charge placed in the field.”
📐 Formula of Electric Field
E = F / q
Where:
• E = Electric Field (in Newtons per Coulomb, N/C)
• F = Force experienced by the charge (in Newtons, N)
• q = Test charge (in Coulombs, C)
📍 Key Points about Electric Fields
• Electric fields originate from positive charges and end on negative charges.
• It is a vector quantity – it has both magnitude and direction.
• Represented by electric field lines that show the direction a positive test charge would move.
• The strength of the field depends on the amount of charge and the distance from the charge.
🔭 Visualization Example
Imagine rubbing a balloon on your hair. The balloon becomes charged and can attract small bits of paper. Those invisible forces at work around the balloon form the electric field.
🔌 Real-Life Applications of Electric Fields
- • Touchscreens on phones and tablets
- • Photocopiers and laser printers
- • Lightning (natural electric discharge)
- • Electric sensors and motors
- • Particle accelerators in scientific research